Thanks @Zing for your reply.
- I was using the latest official version from the official website.
- I was sure that using "dd" was OK since the files were on the SC card and the system booted OK.
- Enlarging the partition made sense to me, but it was the cause of my problems.
I can now see the new partitions were created and the CPU is behaving normally. Thanks!
I still have to adjust the CRT display and configure my gamepads which are still not working, but I should be able to fix those using the standard documentation.
Thanks for pointing me in the right direction!