Hello everyone,
After many tests, I finally found why my recalbox crashed randomly.

I bring a self-response in the hope that it may be useful to someone one day.

I wanted that by listing the games in the emulationstation interface, the demo video of each game would be displayed without delay. By default, this parameter is set to 2000ms and can be found in the file /share/system/recalbox.conf in the "Videosnaps" section. I had set this value to 0 and that is precisely what made my interface unstable. By positioning it at a low value like 50ms, I get the desired effect, ie an almost instantaneous start of the video playback but without the random crash.

Videosnaps Delay before videosnaps start, in milliseconds. Default: 2s

emulationstation.videosnaps.delay=50